amazon highlights: Bayes' Theorem - Visual Examples / Dan Morris / 2016

Bayes Everyday

If you’ve recently searched for something on Google, Bayes' Theorem was used to display your search results. The same is true for those recommendations on Netflix. Hedge funds? Self-driving cars? Search and rescue? Bayes' Theorem is used in all of the above and more. At its core, Bayes' Theorem is a simple mathematical formula that has revolutionized how we understand and deal with uncertainty. If life is seen as black and white, Bayes' Theorem helps us think about the gray areas. When new evidence comes our way, it helps us update our beliefs and create a new belief.

Bayes' Theorem is often called Bayes' Rule or Bayes' Formula. Bayes' Theorem is a law of probability theory. It helps us work with, revise, and understand probabilities when we are presented with new evidence. 

Practically speaking, the theorem helps us quantify or put a number on our skepticism and make more informed, rational choices. It helps us answer the following:

When we encounter new evidence, how much should it change our confidence in a belief?

Bayes' Theorem Explained: 4 Ways

• Bayes' Theorem helps us update a belief based on new evidence by creating a new belief.
• Bayes' Theorem helps us revise a probability when given new evidence.
• Bayes' Theorem helps us change our beliefs about a probability based on new evidence.
• Bayes' Theorem helps us update a hypothesis based on new evidence.

Scenario 1: The Flu

Let’s say that you are at work one day and have just finished lunch. You suddenly feel horrible and find yourself lying down. Wasn’t your friend at work recently sick with the flu? What if you have it? Will you have to cancel your big trip next week?

You have a headache and sore throat, and you know that people with the flu have the same symptoms roughly 90% of the time. In other words, 90% of people with the flu have the same symptoms you currently have. Does this mean you have the flu?

Wanting to gain a little more information you roll over, grab your phone and search Google. You find a reputable article that says that only 5% of the population will get the flu in a given year. Ok. So, the probability of having the flu, in general, is only 5%.

You then spot one more statistic that says 20% of the population in a given year will have a headache and sore throat at any given time.   Do you have the flu? What should you do?

P(A) - In our formula, this ingredient is represented as P(Flu) and answers the question: What is the probability of you having the flu? This number is .05

P(B|A) - In our formula, this ingredient is represented as P(Symptoms | Flu). This number is .9

P(B) - In our formula, this ingredient is represented as P(Symptoms) and answers the question: What is the probability of you having the symptoms? This number is .2.

Conclusion: So, after plugging each ingredient into the formula our answer is 22.5%. We can conclude from this that if you have a sore throat and headache you only have a 22.5% probability of having the flu. Wow! Now, remember what Bayes' Theorem does: it helps us update a hypothesis based on new evidence.

Originally, we thought that the probability of having the flu was as high as 90%! This belief was based on our latching on to P(B|A). However, our answer P(A|B) is very different! The 22.5% we ended with is more accurate than the 90% probability we started with.

This problem is a fantastic illustration of the power that Bayes' Theorem can give us when facing tough uncertainties. It is also a tweaked example of a questionnaire given to 1000 gynecologists. In the study, only 21% of gynecologists chose the correct answer while almost 50% chose the equivalent of our 90%!

Conclusion for a different scenario: Once we’ve plugged all of our ingredients into the formula we arrive at 64%. Based on this, we can conclude that the probability of the truck being rigged with a gun given that heavy firepower came our way is 64%. We originally thought the probability was higher around the 80% mark, but now we can see it hovers about 15 % lower.

We chose this last scenario to contrast the first two and demonstrate that using Bayes Theorem does not always provide a clear answer. Sometimes a probability only slightly changes.

If some part of info is missing…

In real life this is typically the case and often requires us to discover one or more of the ingredients. P(B) is often the culprit. Decision trees are a fantastic and powerful tool that can be used to quickly find P(B) and give you a clear understanding of how it is discovered. They are a great visual aid for helping you grapple with and comprehend probability questions.

The Scenario: (Expanded from Example Section 1)

You grab your phone and search for some answers. Google tells you that 5% of the population will get the flu each year. A few minutes pass by and you remember that you just downloaded a new app that predicts illness. Why not see what it says?

You open it and input your symptoms, and within a few seconds the app predicts that you have the flu. It also displays the following: It correctly predicts people having the flu 75% of the time. 20% of the time it predicts that people have the flu when they do not have the flu.

You throw the phone onto the seat beside you. What do you make of this?

Now, what is P(B)? How do we define what event “B” is so we can try to find it? To find our answers, let’s go back to what we are trying to figure out, which we defined in Step 1. Step 1 can be broken into two parts, and P(B) is tucked into the second part.

The two parts of Step 1 are: Probability of having the flu. This is P(A). Probability of the app predicting yes “B” given that you have the flu “A” is .75. This is P(B|A), which contains both events “A” and “B”. This tells us that the definition of event “B” is the app predicting yes.

Now we know the definition of event “B”. But what about its probability P(B)? We were given a third number in the scenario (20%), but this is not P(B). It is a part of P(B). To figure out where it fits and how to solve for P(B) we need to do the following:

Let’s think for a moment. How many ways can the app arrive at a yes (positive) prediction? There are only 2 ways: It can predict a positive prediction that is correct. It can predict positive prediction that is false.

All we need to do is multiply the numbers of each yes path and then add the answers together.

Example Section 3: Solving For Two Possible Outcomes With All Probability Data Provided

Sometimes we are presented with two possibilities and we want know which is greater. For example, say you are sneezing and coughing. Is it an allergy or cold? Given the information you have (your symptoms), which has the greater probability?

Basically, we’ll be applying Bayes' Formula to both possibilities, and then comparing our answers to find which is the greatest.

Real Life: Search and Rescue What if you were lost at sea? How could search and rescue find you? In 2014 a missing fisherman was discovered using Bayes' Theorem.

Real Life: Spam Filtering In 1998 Microsoft applied for a spam filter patent that used a Bayesian filter. Bayesian filters determine if an email is spam or not based on the email’s content. When an email is received, each word is read and the filter determines the probability of it being spam or legitimate (often defined as spam or ham). What sets Bayesian filters apart from other email filters though is that they learn and adapt to each individual email user. And that, in a nutshell, is why they are so effective.

Real Life: Driverless Cars Google’s driverless cars use a form of Bayesian modeling to help the vehicle know its location.

The key to using Bayes' Theorem in everyday decision making is to make rough calculations quickly in your mind that will help you discover the odds of an event, not the probability. That is really the only way the theorem can be used quickly on a daily basis.

Scenario 1: Dating

Step 1: Let's assign some probability numbers.   Number 1: Guess the probability that she likes you regardless of anything else. Based on your past dating success, you’d say this is 20%. You think at least 2/10 girls will like you.

Number 1 = 2 **to keep it simple all our numbers will be whole between 1 and 10 and have no decimal place.

Number 2: Guess the probability that she doesn’t like you regardless of anything else. Based on our answer above, if your past history tells you that your dates like you 2/10 times, that means your date will not like you 8/10 times, or 80%. Number 2 = 8

Number 3: Guess the probability of your date laughing and flirting if she likes you. Considering that she is flirting, you guess that there is a 90% chance of this. Number 3 = 9

Number 4: Guess the probability of your date laughing and flirting if she doesn’t like you. You think this is low, so you guess 10%. Number 4 = 1

Step 2: Line your numbers up as ratios.

Conclusion: Based on a quick calculation, the odds that she likes you are 9 to 4, or slightly greater than 2 to 1. For simplicity, we’ll stay with the 2 to 1 ratio. What does this mean? This means it is roughly twice as likely that she likes you as opposed to not liking you. And that’s a good thing, right?!

Bayes Theorem Examples / Scott Hartshorn / 2016 / kitap ozeti

Bayes Teorisi parametrelerin etkilesimini ongormeyi hedefliyor. Olasilik hesabidir. Bugunun kaotik dunyasinda dogrusal programlama - optimizasyon - tahmin gibi teknikleri kullananlar icin belki bir iyilestirme firsati saglayabilir.

Ilk olayin olasiligi ile basliyoruz, pesinden ikinci olayin olasiligi carpilarak devreye giriyor ve sonunda kabaca agirlikli ortalama aliyoruz. Elbette turlu cesit incelik var. Kitapta yer verilen orneklere kisaca deginmek isterim:

Ornek 1: degisik sayida (4-6-8) yuzu olan 3 zar var, rastgele secilen biri atiliyor ve 2 geliyor, 6 yuzlu zarin atilma olsiligi nedir? .... Bu soru satilan bir urunun hangi magazadan ciktigini sormaya benziyor.

Ornek 2: Daha cok zar, daha cok atis.... Bu da hangi medyanin tanitimda daha etkili oldugunu sormaya benziyor.

Ornek 3: Yazi tura atiyoruz, para hileli mi? .... Bu da optimizasyon veya tahminde kullandigimiz parametrelerin dogrulugunu sorgulamaya benziyor.

Ornek 4: Cok zar ve hatali veri var.... Bu da gayet gercek hayat tinisi veriyor, big data, ya kayitlar yanlissa?

Ornek 4A: Ya hata oraniniz cok yuksekse... Kararlarin nasil etkilenecegini gosteren guzel bir ornek. En guzeli de hata oranini onceden bilmiyorsak ne yapabilecegimize dair ipucu vermesi!

Ornek 5: Alman tank uretim adedi sorgusu, Ikinci Dunya Savasindan sahici ornek. Sadece seri numaralarina bakarak rakibin uretim miktari tahmin edilebilir mi?

Ornek 6: Ilac testi ..... Kosullu olasilik ve hipotez testi bir arada, guzel ornek..

Kissadan hisse: 

• Olasiliklar eninde sonunda gercege yaklasiyor, eger birbirinden cok farkli ve ayrik olasiliklari olan olaylara bakiyorsaniz bu cabucak gerceklesiyor, eger surekli ve yakin olasiliklar varsa daha uzun suruyor.
• Eger gercekten emin degilseniz hic bir riske SIFIR olasilik vermeyin, az da olsa hata payi ekleyin.
• Eger hata oranini bilmiyorsaniz veya yuksek oldugunu dusunuyorsaniz daha cok veri toplayin.

amazon highlights: Emotional Intelligence / Katherine Chambers / 2017

Introduction

“Emotional intelligence is not the opposite of intelligence; it is not the triumph of heart over head. It is the unique intersection of both” (David Caruso)

Emotional intelligence (E.I.) or emotional quotient (E.Q.): These terms are interchangeable and can be used to describe exactly the same thing, namely a person’s ability to perceive and manage emotions within themselves and others.

The reality is there are many factors that will determine what a person can achieve, and the good news is that traditional I.Q. (which is largely set from birth) isn’t the all encompassing determinant we once thought.  But rather it is a myriad of other ‘life skills’ including that of high E.Q. which will shape someone’s future the most.

My Credentials

The real world is about problem solving, it’s about rapport building with others who can help you along the journey. It’s about negotiating the day-to-day struggles with an open mind and heart to the issue at hand.

Chapter 1: A Brief History of Emotional Intelligence Models

In 1989 Peter Salovey and John Mayer first attempted to define and confine their model of E.I. within the standard criteria of new intelligence. Their initial definition was based on four concepts 1) The ability to perceive human emotion 2) The ability to integrate that emotion to facilitate thought 3) Fully understand individual emotions 4) Regulate these emotions to promote personal growth.

Chapter 2: Goleman’s E.I. Framework Explained

#1 Self-Awareness This is the ability to recognize your emotions ‘in the moment’, as they happen in real time which is the key starting point. There are two distinct components here:

•            Emotional awareness in general, as to say the ability to recognize your own emotions and the effects they have over you.
•          Self-confidence and sureness about your self-worth, self-esteem and capabilities in general.

#2 Self-Regulation The next stage in the model is identifying and controlling the disruptive emotions and impulses which arise and adapting them to changes in the environment. Some of these self-regulation techniques will include:

• ·         Self-control, managing these disruptive feelings and impulses as best you can i.e. not letting them overtake your entire thinking.
• ·         Trustworthiness, I touched on this within the self-awareness section but having a guide to maintain standards of integrity and honesty can be particularly important.
• ·         Conscientiousness, i.e. the ability to take responsibility for your own actions and performance.
• ·         Adaptability, the ability to adapt and be flexible when emotions arise is also fairly critical.
• ·         Innovation, this is more about being open and even seeking new and novel ideas.

#3 Self-Motivation A fairly critical step to Goleman’s E.I. model and life in general is the notion of being a “self-starter” or having self-motivation. It will require structured thinking and clear goals and a good dose of self-discipline to make the small steps and progress towards these goals. This general motivation is made up of:

• ·         Achievement drive, to say a constant striving towards progress, excellence and achievement. This is about being results oriented and setting targets and goals and taking on a degree of risk to get there.
• ·         Commitment, similar to having the initial achievement drive above, it’s also very important to possess a high level of commitment for whatever you are doing.
• ·         Initiative, this just requires you to prepare to act on opportunities when they arise. “Always be ready so you never have to get ready”
• ·         Optimism, and in general a person requires an overall optimistic mindset to achieve their goals.

#4 Social Awareness/Empathy The fourth element in this model is the empathy aspect, taking other people’s emotions and feelings into consideration especially when it comes to decision making.

• ·         Anticipation, it’s about having a service minded attitude. It’s about picking up on and anticipating other people’s intentions and needs and then fulfilling their requirements.
• ·         Leveraging diversity, this is about cross-cultural cultivation. It’s about recognizing the differences in others and recruiting a diverse group of people to help them and ultimately your own cause.
• ·         Political awareness, this has more to do with recognizing the current position of others within a social circle, establishing a “pecking order” or hierarchy of status so to speak and working within those parameters.

#5 Social Skills Lastly there is the element of social skills, to effectively be able to manage the emotions, intensions and relationships of others towards a desired direction. “Your network is your net worth”.

• ·         Influence, generally it is important to acquire the general persuasion skills and natural gravitas to influence others effectively. It requires strong communication and a clear message.
• ·         Leadership, it also requires a strong sense of leading by example, showing exemplary behavior for others to follow and get inspired by themselves. This also involves an element of conflict management and dispute resolution.
• ·         Collaboration, along the same lines as the networking analogy above, it is also important to collaborate with others where possible.

Chapter 3: Living Our Limbic Legacy

“The emotional brain responds to an event more quickly than the thinking brain” (Daniel Goleman)

Emotional intelligence is therefore a skill which is learned like any other.

Chapter 4: Taking Inventory of Your Emotional State

“Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all” (Aristotle)

Whenever I feel an emotion arise within me I always take a pause and acknowledge its presence, I take a moment and really feel it so I can understand and label it in my mind. This isn’t the same as reacting or acting upon the emotion just yet, but I want to know why it may have arisen and if it could be useful to me. It is also important to take responsibility for these emotions that you are feeling either way, good or bad.

Understand That You Are Not Your Emotions. Learn to Forgive Yourself & Others.

“Holding onto anger is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to die” as the Buddha says. You can’t stop and throw stones at every dog that barks, and that includes yourself when you mess up.

Don’t Get Involved in Negative Self-Talk. This also includes negative self-talk and ‘gossip’ regarding other people. You must try and do your best not to judge others where ever possible.

Chapter 5: Delaying Gratification & Reward

You must make the right efforts towards it in order to smoothen out the process. The idea is this; by foregoing some smaller and more immediate short term rewards you will reap much bigger and better ones at some point in the future. I know I have put the work in up front and I accept the payoff with open arms when it does come. One of the best ways to delay gratification is by prioritizing and knowing what is important for you and what is not. Prioritizing assists with understanding the value of each and every aspect of life. Before tackling any specific task, you will have to first make a long-term and short-term plan to pursue it. Make sure that you have a set time frame in mind while pursuing goals and performing these tasks. Doing so will aid you in knowing what to take on and also what to forgo. It is also always wise to reward yourself with something every now and then to ensure you stay motivated and on track. You just have to remain patient with it and just keep your eyes on the bigger picture.

Chapter 6: Verbal & Nonverbal Influences on Social E.Q.

Interaction and people skills absolutely cannot be avoided in the real world.

The importance of cultivating high level confidence in relation to achieving anything in life cannot be overstated and it will greatly feed into your emotional state. It’s all about small wins. Doing things perfectly which again will build into the positive feedback loops you are trying to create, slowly expanding your comfort zone as you go.

Typically your movements should be as neutral as possible, non-threatening and mimicking the other person which builds a rhythm and harmony to the interaction. You must try to reciprocate everything here to show the other person that you are interested and engaged in what they are saying to build that mutual rapport. Remember never to be restless. If the previous advice was designed to build a smooth and harmonious rapport, the one thing that can undue all of that is a restless and fidgety persona. So avoid it as much as you can.

It’s a good idea to lean in towards the person ever so slightly when listening to them which is an authentic gesture to show that you are genuinely interested in what they have to say. But always maintain a straight posture while listening and/or talking and try to make enough eye contact to ensure the person feels important and engaged but not uncomfortable.

Keep your hands free from pockets and in sight. Place them on the table if there is one with palms faced down.

It is possible for you to modulate your voice and control everything from volume, pitch to intonation, so you should do it. Your voice can serve as a great tool. So make sure you practice with various vocal expressions during everyday conversations to see what reactions you get in order to implement the techniques that yield the best responses from others when it really matters.

It is also a good idea to mirror the person’s talking rhythms in addition to the type of language they are using.

What we gain in digital communication, we lose in momentary in-person encounters. Real long term relationships are built off of those small questions you didn’t have to ask, but you did. It’s showing an interest in the other person’s family, their children or parents. Basically, you should be talking to everyone! Small talk will provide a great platform to conquer social anxiety and be open to other people in general. It will also greatly contribute to your likeability factor as a person.

Both internal honesty and external openness to others simply cultivates the greatest amount of peace of mind imaginable. Try to be as open and honest with the people around you when you wish to build a rapport with them.

One of the best tools to use while trying to build rapport and high social E.Q. is humor. Humor can help you connect on a deeper level as you will again demonstrate the commonalities in your personalities and that you view the world in much the same way. But remember to always keep it light and nothing personal!

Chapter 7: Listen Your Way to High Social E.I.

“Effective communication is 20% what you know and 80% how you feel about what you know” (Jim Rohn)

Listening to someone is just as important as speaking to them, if not more so. By paying attention to what others are saying, you will be able to contribute to the conversation in a much more efficient way. You will be acquainted with different perspectives, things that you may not have previously considered. Listening carefully also allows you to avoid misunderstandings and potential conflicts.

The first and most important step is to do away with any distractions. If there are distractions around you then they are bound to command your attention. You must try to get rid of them as best you can so that you can pay full attention to the person in front of you.

Make sure you are paying attention to the body language of the person you are speaking with.

Tone, pitch and volume is very important in your own voice but they are also very important aspects to pay attention to when listening to others. These factors will be a clear indication of the person’s true mood.

Along similar lines to avoiding distractions, it goes without saying that if you really want to hear what the other person is saying then you will need to interrupt them as little as possible.

Finally it is a good idea to learn to respect silence and the power that it brings forth. Most people are afraid and uncomfortable with this but often times it’s the silence which helps with understanding the other person better. So don’t be afraid of the pauses and silence. In general, longer pause’s signals reflection within the person, so give them this time. Allow the person to fully experience and authenticate what they are feeling before you try to figure out what they are feeling.

Chapter 8: Specific Techniques for Building Situational Empathy

I have already alluded to this small talk style empathy building process but one of the main components you need to start with is to let the other person know more about you than they currently do.

When you are mirroring another person’s behavior they will pick up on this very quickly, more than likely subconsciously to begin with and start to mimic you back. Try to match the speed and vocal tone of their speech patterns. One of the techniques that works for me very well is repeating the other person’s words and grievances back to them especially within a consulting environment. Nothing builds a bond more strongly than a person who feels their wants and needs are being understood and met by another person.

The notion of utilizing a high degree of emotional language when you speak with others.

Along the same lines as using the right amount of emotional vocabulary, you should also be using disarming style statements such as the “I agree” principle. I would tend to use this tactic when I feel that I’m losing someone in a connection sense within a discussion. This applies to everything by the way, even things you do not agree with. The point here isn’t to win the argument but again it is about getting the other person back onside in terms of their emotional state. It doesn’t mean that you are backing down, just disarming the person of any psychological resistance to your discussion and ensures they are likely to initiate the urge within them to reciprocate in a more emotionally open way.

It would be nice if it were that black and white but as you know, life is lived in the gray areas.

Bonus Chapter 3: The Four Stages of Competence

 “Knowing is not enough, we must apply. Willing is not enough, we must do” (Bruce Lee)

This model can also be termed as the ‘Conscious Competence Model’ and was originally formulated and described as the ‘Four Stages of Learning Any New Skill’ by Noel Burch whilst he was working at Thomas Gordon’s psychological institute during the 1970’s. Here are the four stages explained in greater detail:

1.      Unconscious Incompetence : “ignorance is bliss”.

2.      Conscious Incompetence : “I now know what it is that I do not know”

3.      Conscious Competence : “I now know how to complete this skill or task with success, but I still have to intensely concentrate on it whilst performing it”

4.      Unconscious Competence : “I know what I have to do and I do not have to think about it in order to do so” . It’s often described as a state of “flow” or “effortless existence”.

Bonus Chapter 6: Framing Techniques

 “If you don’t like something, change it. If you cannot change it, change the way you think about it” (Madras Proverb)

Humans tend to learn lessons and ascribe meaning to things due to the events surrounding that situation.

Vietnam - Kaodaizm: Tek bir din mumkun mu?

1926 yilinda Vietnam'in Tay Ninh kentinde resmen kurulmus senkretik (farkli inanclari birlestirme esasina dayali) tek tanrili bir inanc sistemidir. Cao Dai kelime anlami olarak "yuksek kursu" demektir.

Bu inancta Tanri, dinin kurucusudur. Ilk iki salikin Tanridan aracisiz mesaj aldiklari, ruh cagirma aktivitesindeki el yazimi klavyeyle haberlestikleri, ruyada erdikleri anlatiliyor. Genel ilkeleri ibadet - siddetsizlik - atalari yuceltme - vejateryenliktir, olum-dogum dongusunden kurtulmayi (Hinduizmdeki nirvana gibi) amaclarlar. Olulerin de ayinlere katildiklarini dusunurler.

Vietnam'daki Budizm ve Katolik sonrasi 6.000.000 salikiyle ucuncu en buyuk inanctir. Yurtdisindaki Vietnamlilarin cogunlugunu olusturdugu 3.000.000 kadar daha salikin oldugu soyleniyor. Once Fransizlar, sonra Komunist rejim yasaklamis, direnmisler, bugun hukumet okullarda bu inanci tanitmiyor ve hic bir odenek saglamiyor. Bagislarla ayakta duruyor.

Tay Ninh kentindeki Cao Dai Holy Eye Temple bu inancin ilk ve en buyuk mabedi. 1000m2 bahce icinde tapinak, bayan yasam alani, bay yasam alani, maymun bahceleri, azizlerini defnettikleri turbelerden olusuyor.

 

Tapinak dogudan batiya dogru yerlestirilmis. Islamda camiler kible yonunde, Hristiyanlikta kiliseler batiya bakacak sekilde yapiliyor, burada kilise egilimi belirgin. Kuleler var ama can calmiyorlar, ayin esnasinda gong vuruslari var, cin etkisi belirgin. Bina doguya dogru giderken basamak basamak yukseliyor, hayatin dogudan batiya dogru "aktigi" dusunuluyor. Tapinagin ust kismi gokyuzu olarak resmedilmis, yaldizli yildizlarla suslenmis. Tum sutunlar ejderha motifli, ejderhalar gokyuzune aitler ve binayi tasimiyorlar aslinda gokyuzunden yeryuzune iniyorlar.



Uc temel renk ve inanc belirgin goruluyor, SARI: Budizmi temsil ediyor, esas element. MAVI:           Konfucyizm, ikincil, cin etkisi. KIRMIZI: Taoizm, Ying-Yang. Binanin ic suslemesinde ve rahiplerin giyiminde bu renkler fark ediliyor.




Semboldeki Yahudi - Mason cagrisimina dikkat edin. Uygarliklarin besigi Mezopotamya, Indoaryen dil grubunda Sanskritce-Farsca ile birlikte yer aliyor. Dolayisiyla mitolojinin kokeni ortak, zamanla ayrismalar olmus. Ismailiye mezhebinde "tanitman" lara Dai - ogretmen deniliyor. Hindistan'da cok sayida Ismaili var.





Tanri once Yangi yaratiyor, kendinden bir parcayi ona ekliyor ve daha sonra  ondan bir parcayi alarak Yingi  yaratiyor. Islamdaki Adem ve kaburgasindan Havva meseline fevkalade benziyor. Ying-Yang iliskisi ileride diyalektik dusuncede tez-antitez-sentez olarak vucut bulacaktir. Hic bir sey iyi veya kotu degildir, sadece terstir ve ters olmadan duz olamaz, sarmaldir, ezelden ebede devam eder. Islamda zitlarin birligi diye anlatilan kavramdir. Katiksiz guzel ve cirkin olamayacagini, her bireyde farkli meziyetlerin oldugunu, hehangi birisi hakim gorunse bile iceride bir yerde digerinin hala var oldugunu gosterir.

Inanclarin temelinde gunes ve dualizm (zitlarin birligi) var. Zerdust bunu formule ederken Nur-Zulumat demis, iyi ve kotu olarak tanimlamis. Rakip ikiz kardesler olarak betimlemis. Ying-Yang da nitelendirme veya rekabet yok sadece zitlik vurgulaniyor.

Ibn Arabi "Aslinda dinler BIRDIR, insanlar bunu cogaltiyor" diyor. Ayni dinin farkli gorunumleri, yerel, etnik, kulturel farklar olusmus. Semavi dinlere ek olarak Hinduizm, Budizm, Taoizm, Konfucyusizm, Bahailik, Yehova Sahitleri' Kodaizm, ... hep bu kapsamda ortaya cikmis. Insan bedeninin ayni olmasina ragmen farkli kisilik ozellikleri olmasina benzetiliyor. Ozun ayni oldugunu ve farkli yorumlarina "din" dedigimizi dusunun, liranin tamamlanmasi icin o son kurusa da ihtiyac var... Karma, ying-yang dongusunde tamama erilemedikce tekrarlanir, her gelisinde zamanin / yorenin araclarini kullanir, ruh farkli bedenlerde seyre cikar (Hinduizmdeki Samsara). Yolculuk nirvanaya yani mukemmele ulasana kadar surer, o noktada yol ve yolcu BIR olur, aziz olunmustur. Kur'an'da belirtilen 124.000 peygamber farkli yorelerin, farkli zamanlarin umutlari olarak ortaya cikmis. Ozun birligine ragmen uygulamalarin (din ve inanclarin) yikici rekabeti, ozden degil, ruhbanlardan kaynaklaniyor.

Tapinakta sol - sag yonlendirmesi onemli. Inanci sembolu olan ucgen icindeki goz, sol gozdur, Yangi, eril olani temsil eder, Tanri erildir, guclu olandir. Tapinak girisindeki koruyucu heykellerin yuz ifadeleri de buna gore belirlenmis. Kotu ruhlara karsi koruyan muhafiz (ustteki resim) asabi gorunumlu ve kotulukler kadinlarin oldugu yonden geliyor (!)

Digeri (yandaki resim) daha mulayim bir ifadeyle yapilmis, iyi ruhlari karsiliyor.

Tum inanclari bir potada toplama arzusuyla salikler beyaz renk standart bir kostum giyiyorlar, renkler birlesince beyaz elde ediliyor. Erkeklerde basa takilan bir ilave var, kadinlarin basi acik. Tapinaga giriste ve ibadette sol taraf kadinlarin, sag taraf erkeklerin. Iceriye girerken ayakkabilar cikariliyor, ayin baslayana kadar yuzleri birbirlerine donuk olarak iki saf halinde bekliyorlar.

Isigin tayfina bakildiginda beyaz rengin prizmadan gectiginde yedi renge ayristigi goruluyor. Oysa ki yedi rengi ust uste boyadiginizda Kabe' nin ortusu gibi siyah renk elde ediliyor. Bu zamanin tek yonlu (hep ileriye) akisinin bir emaresidr.

Gong vurusuyla birlikte camideki gibi saflar olusuyor. Ayindeki ibadet seromonisinde Hristiyanlar gibi elleri birlestiriyor, Budistler gibi elleri bas seviyesinin yukarisina cikariyor, muslumanlar gibi secde ediyor.

Kilisedeki gibi canli muzik ve gong vuruslari var. Mevlevi veya Bektasi merasimlerini cagristiriyor ancak zikir veya sema gibi bir aktivite gormedim.

Basbayagi mimber yapmislar! Kostumleri ihrami cagristiriyor. Yurtdisindan buraya ibadete (hac gibi) geliyorlar, onemli miktarda bagis aliyor, varlikli bir tarikat.

Ayin basladiginda tapinagin kuzey - guney yonunde onunden gecilmesini istemiyorlar, olulerin de ayine katildigina, yolu acik tutmak gerektigine inaniyorlar. Gunde 4 vakit ayin var, pratik bir yontem belirlemisler, gunde bir sefer ayine katilmak yeterli, sabah - ogle - aksam - gece saatlerinden hangisi size uygunsa ona gitmeniz bekleniyor. Islamda zorunlu 5 vakit namaz var ama yasayisa uygunluk kaza edilerek saglanmis. Hristiyanlar da gunde 5 sefer dua ediyor, uyandiklarinda - 3 ogun yemek oncesinde - yatarken, dolayisiyla sosyal hayata uygunluk zaten saglanmis. Kaodaizm, Katolik ruhban sinifini model almis.

Fransiz etkisi Pozitivizm akimiyla gorunur hale gelmis. Fransiz bilim adamlarini aziz mertebesinde gormusler. Katolik ve Roma Imparatorlugu etki bolgesini dusunursek Julius Ceasar' in bile aziz sayilmasina sasirmamak gerekir. Ideali dunyada farkli dinler nedeniyle ortaya cikan bolunmuslugu ve huzursuzlugu gidermek, ortak paydada bulusarak Ying-Yang uyumunu yakalamak, refahi artirmak, yuksek medeniyet seviyesine ulasmak..

Hinduizmdeki ucleme (kucuk bir fark var, orjinalde Brahma, Visnu, Siva olarak uc eril var ama burada Visnu yerine onun esi olan Laksmi tercih edilmis), Katolik uclemeyi (Baba-Ogul-Ruhul Kudus) cagristiriyor, en dogu uca ve gokyuzune yakin yerlestirilmis, onemli bir esin kaynagi, bolgesel kabul gormeyi kolaylastiran pratik bir faktor.

Ortada kuruculari var, bir atin uzerinde, dunyanin hakimi, batiya dogru gidiyor ama yuzu doguya donuk. Mesaj; ozumuzu yitirmeden medeni milletlerin seviyesine ulasacagiz. Islamdaki "iki gunu ayni olan zaradadir, beni en iyi alimler anlar, birinci vazifeniz ailenizin gecimini saglamaktir,..." hadis ve ayetleriyle ortusuyor.

En batida Budha var, mutlu ve slim fit olarak gosterilmis, 1926 Cin takviminde kaplan yili oldugu icin kaplana hukmederek oturuyor.

Seneler once Israil / Hayfa' da Bahailigin merkezini ziyaret etme firsatim olmustu. Benzer idealler ancak sadece semavi dinler ve Budizmin karmasi fikri vardi. Kaodaizmi daha kapsayici buldum, cografyasi ve tas devrine kadar uzun koklu etnografyasi nedeniyle bolgenin dinamiklarini dikkate alan, pozitivist, pragmatist bir yaklasim olarak degerlendirdim.




Gun bitiminde evli evine, koylu koyune. Ayette buyruldugu gibi "benim dinim bana, senin dinin sana" Esas olan huzurlu, mutlu, faydali bir hayat surebilmek, iyilik eden iyilik bulacaktir, hangi inancta olursa olsun...

ONEMLI NOT: 
Arastirmaci Yazar Dr.Omer Ulucay'in (babam :)) katkilariyla zenginlestirilmistir.

Vietnam'da gece gezmeleri...

 

Hep muze gezecek degiliz ya diyerek biraz da geceleri neler yapabileceginize dair ipuclari vermek istedim. Baslayalim...

Saygon'un istiklal caddesi, District 1 icinde, otellere ve turistik yerlere yakin, isikli su gosterisi her gece var, kimi zaman canli muzik konsere rastlanilabiliyor.

Caddeye yakin yerde Opera Binasi var, burada da sansliysaniz bina merdivenlerinin uzerinde ucretsiz kisa gosteriler yapiliyor.
 

Saygonun en yuksek binasi Bitexco Sky Deck, 40 kusur kat yukari cikip panoramik sehir manzarasi izleyebiliyorsunuz.

Motorunu ve sevgilisini kapan Notre Dame Katedralinin onondeki meydana geliyor, motorun uzerinde otururken bir seyler yiyip iciyor, sohbet ediyor, takiliyor. Aydinlik, rahat ve civil civil bir ortam var. Ilgilenenler icin hemen yan tarafinda kitap-cafe dolu okuma sokagi var.



Benim favorim Hard Rock Cafe! 6 TL ye Heineken bira icip, cayir cayir showuyla Vietnam tarzi canli rock muzik dinliyorsunuz. Yerlisi yabancisi, genci yaslisi bir arada. Cok iyi.. Her yerde gordugum Budha koselerinin en "Rock'N Budha" olani burada!

  

Vuvuzela Beer Club eglenceli bir yer, tuvalet duzenlemesine bayildim, musterilerin uzerine isiyormus gibi bir his veriyor, gulduruyor :)) Etraftaki tabelalar da eglenceli, pahali ama rafine bir havasi var.

  

Korean Barbeque Restaurantlar da cok havali, her masa aslinda ocak basi olarak duzenlenmis. Tastan ocak, koz getiriyor, davlumbazi var. Et avcarlanmis olarak servis ediliyor, beraberinde turlu cesit meze geliyor. Bicak yerine makas, catal yerine chop stick kullaniliyor. Keyifli bir deneyim!

 

Saygon'un Teksasi Saloon Seventeen hakikaten western tarz bir yer. Seksi kizlar, mini sortlar, sivri burunlu yuksek kovboy cizmeleri, tabanca yerine adisyon koyduklari kemerler, derin gogus dekolteleri, gurultulu canli rock - pop muzik... Yabanci agirlikli, pahali, pole show gibi surprizleri de var.

Bui Vien Sokagi tum sirt cantali culsuz turistlerin ugragi, karmakarisik bir yer. Masajdan yemege, bardan discoya, marketten pastaneye varincaya kadar her sey, herkes var. Ates yutanlar, seyyar saticilar, dilenciler, zamparalar, kolay kizlar, akliniza gelen her sey... Sahiden civil civil.. Crab Spring Roll denedim, sahaneydi.






 

Pasteur Street Brewery Co Ltd orjinal bir yer, 12 cesit aromali biradan 6 adedini seciyorsunuz, tester tray hazirlayip getiriyor. 175 ml kucuk kadehler gozunuzu aldatmasin, 6 tane icince 1 litreyi goturuyorsunuz. Ustelik alistiginiz biranin %4 alkolu bunun yaninda coook hafif kalir, bunlar kabaca %15 alkollu. Sarhoj ediyor haberiniz olsun! Ustune scooter'inizla yagmurlu Saygon gece trafiginde 20 dakika seyahat edince cin gibi oluyorsunuz :)

Two Beer Or Not Two Beer canli muzikli, gurultulu bir yer. Herkes ayakta, bir kac grup pespese sahne aliyor, kimi zaman Ingilizce kimi zaman Vietnamca ama hep Rock muzik yapiyorlar. Gruba degecek kadar yakin duruluyor, tikis tepis, azcik gayret etsem davulu beraber calacaktik... Yabanci az olunca sik sik Vietnamca "Ay Bay Yoooo!" bagrislariyla hep birlikte kadeh kaldiriyorlar.






Devami gelecek....